{"cve":{"cve_id":"CVE-2013-2251","is_kev":true,"kev_date_added":"2022-03-25","kev_vendor_project":"Apache","kev_product":"Struts","kev_vulnerability_name":"Apache Struts Improper Input Validation Vulnerability","kev_short_description":"Apache Struts allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) expressions.","kev_required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","kev_due_date":"2022-04-15","kev_known_ransomware":false,"kev_notes":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2251","kev_cwes":["CWE-20"],"epss_score":0.99998,"epss_percentile":0.9999,"epss_as_of":"2026-08-28","description":"Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix.","published_at":"2013-07-18T01:00:00Z","last_modified_at":null,"cvss_v3_score":9.8,"cvss_v3_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvss_v3_severity":"CRITICAL","cvss_v4_score":null,"cvss_v4_vector":null,"cvss_v4_severity":null,"ssvc_decision":null,"ssvc_exploitation":"active","ssvc_automatable":true,"ssvc_technical_impact":"total","cwes":["CWE-74"],"nvd_references":["http://www.fujitsu.com/global/support/software/security/products-f/interstage-bpm-analytics-201301e.html","http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujul2015-2367936.html","https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/90392","http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2013/Oct/96","http://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2014010087","http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20131023-struts2","http://struts.apache.org/release/2.3.x/docs/s2-016.html","http://archiva.apache.org/security.html","http://osvdb.org/98445","http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032916","http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/61189","http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029184","http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/64758","http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujan2014-1972949.html","http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/89","http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159629/Apache-Struts-2-Remote-Code-Execution.html"],"vuln_status":null,"trending_score":0.5799964,"is_trending":true,"has_trended":true,"trended_number_one":false,"trending_peak_score":0.5799964,"trending_peak_rank":27,"started_trending_at":"2026-07-26T04:46:36.152384Z","trended_number_one_at":null,"summary_generated":null,"summary_generated_at":null,"summary_model":null,"created_at":"2026-06-24T00:09:31.350578Z","updated_at":"2026-08-30T21:36:36.760578Z"},"effective_severity":"CRITICAL","badges":["kev","exploit","trending","epss"],"impact_analysis":[],"cvss_v3_decoded":{"version":"3.1","metrics":[{"metric":"AV","name":"Attack Vector","value":"N","value_label":"Network"},{"metric":"AC","name":"Attack Complexity","value":"L","value_label":"Low"},{"metric":"PR","name":"Privileges Required","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"UI","name":"User Interaction","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"S","name":"Scope","value":"U","value_label":"Unchanged"},{"metric":"C","name":"Confidentiality","value":"H","value_label":"High"},{"metric":"I","name":"Integrity","value":"H","value_label":"High"},{"metric":"A","name":"Availability","value":"H","value_label":"High"}]},"cvss_v4_decoded":{"version":null,"metrics":[]},"affected":[],"exploit_refs":[{"source":"exploit-db","kind":"exploit-db","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44583","title":"Apache Struts2 2.0.0 < 2.3.15 - 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