{"cve":{"cve_id":"CVE-2023-2828","is_kev":false,"kev_date_added":null,"kev_vendor_project":null,"kev_product":null,"kev_vulnerability_name":null,"kev_short_description":null,"kev_required_action":null,"kev_due_date":null,"kev_known_ransomware":null,"kev_notes":null,"kev_cwes":null,"epss_score":0.03776,"epss_percentile":0.88539,"epss_as_of":"2026-06-23","description":"Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\n\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1.","published_at":"2023-06-21T16:26:07.096000Z","last_modified_at":null,"cvss_v3_score":7.5,"cvss_v3_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","cvss_v3_severity":"HIGH","cvss_v4_score":null,"cvss_v4_vector":null,"cvss_v4_severity":null,"ssvc_decision":null,"ssvc_exploitation":"none","ssvc_automatable":true,"ssvc_technical_impact":"partial","cwes":null,"nvd_references":["https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/","https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/","https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html"],"vuln_status":null,"trending_score":null,"is_trending":false,"has_trended":false,"trended_number_one":false,"trending_peak_score":null,"trending_peak_rank":null,"started_trending_at":null,"trended_number_one_at":null,"summary_generated":null,"summary_generated_at":null,"summary_model":null,"created_at":"2026-06-24T00:09:39.878444Z","updated_at":"2026-06-29T01:30:03.723887Z"},"effective_severity":"HIGH","badges":[],"impact_analysis":[],"cvss_v3_decoded":{"version":"3.1","metrics":[{"metric":"AV","name":"Attack Vector","value":"N","value_label":"Network"},{"metric":"AC","name":"Attack Complexity","value":"L","value_label":"Low"},{"metric":"PR","name":"Privileges Required","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"UI","name":"User Interaction","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"S","name":"Scope","value":"U","value_label":"Unchanged"},{"metric":"C","name":"Confidentiality","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"I","name":"Integrity","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"A","name":"Availability","value":"H","value_label":"High"}]},"cvss_v4_decoded":{"version":null,"metrics":[]},"affected":[{"vendor_slug":"isc","vendor_name":"ISC","product_slug":"bind-9","product_name":"BIND 9","version_start":"9.11.0","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":"9.16.41","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:isc:bind-9:9.11.0:9.16.41"},{"vendor_slug":"isc","vendor_name":"ISC","product_slug":"bind-9","product_name":"BIND 9","version_start":"9.18.0","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":"9.18.15","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:isc:bind-9:9.18.0:9.18.15"},{"vendor_slug":"isc","vendor_name":"ISC","product_slug":"bind-9","product_name":"BIND 9","version_start":"9.19.0","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":"9.19.13","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:isc:bind-9:9.19.0:9.19.13"},{"vendor_slug":"isc","vendor_name":"ISC","product_slug":"bind-9","product_name":"BIND 9","version_start":"9.11.3-S1","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":"9.16.41-S1","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:isc:bind-9:9.11.3-S1:9.16.41-S1"},{"vendor_slug":"isc","vendor_name":"ISC","product_slug":"bind-9","product_name":"BIND 9","version_start":"9.18.11-S1","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":"9.18.15-S1","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:isc:bind-9:9.18.11-S1:9.18.15-S1"}],"exploit_refs":[],"news":[],"references":[{"url":"https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828","source_type":"MISC","tags":[]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6","source_type":"MAILING_LIST","tags":["mailing-list"]},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/","source_type":"MAILING_LIST","tags":["mailing-list"]},{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439","source_type":"VENDOR_ADVISORY","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/","source_type":"MAILING_LIST","tags":["mailing-list"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/","source_type":"MISC","tags":[]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html","source_type":"MAILING_LIST","tags":["mailing-list"]}],"timeline":[{"type":"published","at":"2023-06-21T16:26:07.096000Z","label":"CVE published","source":null},{"type":"cvss_changed","at":"2026-06-28T17:28:01.329564Z","label":"CVSS score revised","source":"cvelistv5"},{"type":"cvss_changed","at":"2026-06-28T17:28:01.329564Z","label":"CVSS score revised","source":"cvelistv5"},{"type":"cvss_changed","at":"2026-06-28T17:28:01.329564Z","label":"CVSS score revised","source":"cvelistv5"},{"type":"ssvc_changed","at":"2026-06-29T01:30:03.723887Z","label":"SSVC decision revised","source":"vulnrichment"},{"type":"ssvc_changed","at":"2026-06-29T01:30:03.723887Z","label":"SSVC decision revised","source":"vulnrichment"},{"type":"ssvc_changed","at":"2026-06-29T01:30:03.723887Z","label":"SSVC decision revised","source":"vulnrichment"}]}