{"cve":{"cve_id":"CVE-2025-32433","is_kev":true,"kev_date_added":"2025-06-09","kev_vendor_project":"Erlang","kev_product":"Erlang/OTP","kev_vulnerability_name":"Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability","kev_short_description":"Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.","kev_required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","kev_due_date":"2025-06-30","kev_known_ransomware":false,"kev_notes":"This vulnerability affects a common open-source project, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 ; https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433","kev_cwes":["CWE-306"],"epss_score":0.97673,"epss_percentile":0.99895,"epss_as_of":"2026-06-23","description":"Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.","published_at":"2025-04-16T21:34:37.457000Z","last_modified_at":null,"cvss_v3_score":10.0,"cvss_v3_vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvss_v3_severity":"CRITICAL","cvss_v4_score":null,"cvss_v4_vector":null,"cvss_v4_severity":null,"ssvc_decision":null,"ssvc_exploitation":null,"ssvc_automatable":null,"ssvc_technical_impact":null,"cwes":["CWE-306"],"nvd_references":["https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12","https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f","https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891"],"vuln_status":null,"trending_score":null,"is_trending":false,"has_trended":false,"trended_number_one":false,"trending_peak_score":null,"trending_peak_rank":null,"started_trending_at":null,"trended_number_one_at":null,"summary_generated":null,"summary_generated_at":null,"summary_model":null,"created_at":"2026-06-24T00:09:31.350578Z","updated_at":"2026-06-28T23:26:26.441917Z"},"effective_severity":"CRITICAL","badges":["kev","poc","epss"],"impact_analysis":[],"cvss_v3_decoded":{"version":"3.1","metrics":[{"metric":"AV","name":"Attack Vector","value":"N","value_label":"Network"},{"metric":"AC","name":"Attack Complexity","value":"L","value_label":"Low"},{"metric":"PR","name":"Privileges Required","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"UI","name":"User Interaction","value":"N","value_label":"None"},{"metric":"S","name":"Scope","value":"C","value_label":"Changed"},{"metric":"C","name":"Confidentiality","value":"H","value_label":"High"},{"metric":"I","name":"Integrity","value":"H","value_label":"High"},{"metric":"A","name":"Availability","value":"H","value_label":"High"}]},"cvss_v4_decoded":{"version":null,"metrics":[]},"affected":[{"vendor_slug":"erlang","vendor_name":"erlang","product_slug":"otp","product_name":"OTP","version_start":">= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":">= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:erlang:otp:>= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3:>= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3"},{"vendor_slug":"erlang","vendor_name":"erlang","product_slug":"otp","product_name":"OTP","version_start":">= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":">= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:erlang:otp:>= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11:>= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11"},{"vendor_slug":"erlang","vendor_name":"erlang","product_slug":"otp","product_name":"OTP","version_start":"< OTP-25.3.2.20","version_start_inclusive":true,"version_end":"< OTP-25.3.2.20","version_end_inclusive":true,"cpe23_uri":"cve5:erlang:otp:< OTP-25.3.2.20:< OTP-25.3.2.20"}],"exploit_refs":[{"source":"nuclei","kind":"nuclei","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/code/cves/2025/CVE-2025-32433.yaml","title":"Erlang/OTP SSH - Remote Code Execution","author":"iamnoooob,rootxharsh,pdresearch,darses","disclosed_at":null}],"news":[],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_type":"VENDOR_ADVISORY","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12","source_type":"PATCH","tags":["patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f","source_type":"PATCH","tags":["patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891","source_type":"PATCH","tags":["patch"]}],"timeline":[{"type":"published","at":"2025-04-16T21:34:37.457000Z","label":"CVE published","source":null},{"type":"cisa_reported","at":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","label":"Added to CISA KEV catalog","source":"kev"},{"type":"poc_available","at":"2026-06-24T00:29:48.638073Z","label":"Public PoC available","source":"nuclei"},{"type":"cvss_changed","at":"2026-06-28T17:44:59.391977Z","label":"CVSS score revised","source":"cvelistv5"},{"type":"cvss_changed","at":"2026-06-28T17:44:59.391977Z","label":"CVSS score revised","source":"cvelistv5"},{"type":"cvss_changed","at":"2026-06-28T17:44:59.391977Z","label":"CVSS score revised","source":"cvelistv5"}]}